Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov khoom cua

Cov hluavtaws hluavtaws hluav taws xob feem ntau yog cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj rau spandex, uas yog polyester, nylon, acrylic, polypropylene, vinylon thiab chlorine. Spandex tseem siv tau los ua cov ntaub ntawv dav dav siv.

1. Cov qauv morphological ntawm ntau yam hluavtaws

Vim tias qhov sib txawv tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txhua tus hluavtaws, nws txoj kev sib hloov thiab sib sau sib txawv yog qhov sib txawv. Kev sib hloov thiab txoj kev sib sau muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv morphological ntawm cov fibers.

Xws li polyester, nylon thiab polypropylene siv yaj spinning; feem ntau ntawm cov acrylic, vinylon staple fiber, chlorine spinning ntau nrog cov qauv ntub dej; spandex, qee qhov vinylon thiab acrylic nrog qhuav spinning spinning. Qhuav spinning, molten polymers los ntawm spinneret qhov siab tawm. Hauv cov cua txias thiab kho kom zoo, nws cov duab ntoo khaub lig-ntu lub cev thiab cov duab ntawm lub qhov taub spinneret, cov pa kis ib puag ncig yog puag ncig. Ntub dej spam filaments tau kho nyob rau hauv qhov kev daws teeb meem vim tias cov nag lossis daus dej thiab feem ntau tsis ncig nyob hauv ntu hla thiab muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij-tus qauv.

2, cov cwj pwm kub hnyiab ntawm ntau yam hluavtaws xov

Hauv kev siv cov txheej txheem sib txuas txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov fibers, kom tsom mus rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov fibers nyob ze ntawm cov nplaim taws, sib cuag nrog cov nplaim taws thiab tawm cov nplaim hluav taws thaum lub xeev, thiab xyuam xim rau cov ntxhiab tsw los ntawm hlawv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov seem tom qab hlawv

3, tshuaj lom neeg solubility ntawm ntau yam hluavtaws

Ntau hom fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov sib txawv ruaj khov rau cov kua qaub, alkalis, cov kuab tshuaj organic thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg.

4 、 Melting taw tes ntawm ntau yam hluavtaws fiber ntau

Qhov kub ntawm cov kua siv nyob rau hauv lub polymer ploj tag, piv txwv li qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv ua kom yaj, hu ua melting point. Cov hluavtaws sib txuas ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov kub, macromolecular link qauv hloov. Lawv thawj cov muag muag thiab ces yaj. Cov hluavtaws sib txuas feem ntau tsis muaj qhov sib cuam tshuam meej xws li cov khoom siv ntshiab, thiab cov fiber ntau muaj qhov chaw sib txawv vim yog cov tuam txhab sib txawv lossis cov lej xov tooj. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus yaj ntawm tib lub fiber ntau yog tsau nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv me me, uas tso cai hom fiber ntau los txheeb xyuas. Lub cev cellulose fiber ntau, rov ua cov cellulose fiber ntau thiab cov protein ua ke, vim tias lawv cov khoom tawg yog siab dua qhov ua kom tawg, tsis txhob yaj thiab decompose lossis char hauv qab kub.

Cov ntsiab lus melting feem ntau muaj feem xyuam rau kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov hluavtaws hluavtaws nrog qhov sib txawv melting point cov yam ntxwv thiab tsis muaj feem xyuam rau ntuj cellulose fibres, regenerated cellulose fibers thiab protein ntau. Nws tsis yog feem ntau siv raws li txhais tau tias kev pov thawj qhov zoo ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis tuaj yeem siv ua txoj hauv kev ntxiv ntawm kev lees paub raws li lwm txoj hauv kev txheeb xyuas.

Cov nplaig tawg ntawm cov fibers yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev soj ntsuam qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov fibres thaum lub sij hawm tu noob nyob rau hauv kab hluav taws xob melting taw tes los yog lub tshuab tsom kab tawg nrog lub tshuab ua cua sov thiab ntsuas kub, rau lub hom phiaj los txheeb xyuas hom fiber ntau. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws xws li polyester, nylon thiab polypropylene, uas muaj qhov zoo sib xws thiab ntev-ntu ntu morphological thiab cov khoom kub hnyiab, cov ntsiab lus melting muaj qhov zoo dua.

5 、 Infrared spectroscopy ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv

Kev tshawb nrhiav Infrared spectroscopy (Infrared Spectroscopy, IR) tau pib thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20, thaum cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm ntau tshaj 100 yam ntawm cov organic sib txuas infrared spectroscopy, rau kev txheeb xyuas cov tsis paub lub tebchaw los muab lub zog muaj zog ntawm kev txheeb xyuas. 70s tom qab, ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis, Plaub kom hloov cov duab hluav taws xob infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) cov tswv yim sim nkag mus rau niaj hnub chemist' s kuaj thiab dhau los ua cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev tsom xam.

1. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm infrared spectroscopy

Thaum nqaj ntawm lub teeb ci infrared nrog lub teeb nruam sib txuas tsis sib haum rau cov qauv hauv qhov ntsuas, qhov kev co zaus lossis kev sib hloov ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj molecule zoo ib yam li cov zaus ntawm lub teeb ci infrared, lub zog nqus ntawm lub molecule jumps los ntawm lub zog hauv av lub xeev kev sib tw (kev sib hloov) lub zog mus rau lub zog siab dua qhov kev sib hloov (kev sib hloov) lub zog, lub qog nqus lub zog infrared lub teeb hluav taws xob lub zog, qhov kev co thiab kev sib hloov lub zog qib jumps, lub suab yoj ntawm lub teeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawd tau nqus los ntawm cov khoom. Qhov nqus ntawm infrared teeb los ntawm cov molecule yog kaw nrog lub ntsuas, thiab ib qho infrared spectrogram tau. Yog li no, duab infrared spectroscopy siv lub zog nqus ntawm cov khoom rau duab teeb ci teeb ci kom ua tiav kev tsom xam ntawm cov qauv fiber ntau. Txhua qhov cim yeeb yam nqus hauv qhov ntsuas pom muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov pawg sib nqus thiab cov ntawv cog lus ntawm tus qauv, thiab cov tshuaj sib txawv muaj cov sib txawv infrared nqus spectra.

Infrared spectrograms feem ntau siv wavelength (λ) lossis nthwv xov tooj (σ) raws li kab rov tav ua haujlwm los qhia qhov chaw ntawm lub ncov nqus, thiab transmittance (T%) lossis nqus (A) raws li txoj haujlwm sib tshuam los qhia txog qhov nqus kev nqus.

2. Kev faib tawm ntawm infrared spectrum

Lub nthwv dej sib nrug ntawm infrared spectrum yog kwv yees li 0.75 txog 1000 μm. Lub duab infrared feem ntau muab faib ua peb cheeb tsam: thaj chaw ze-infrared, thaj chaw nruab nrab infrared thiab thaj chaw deb-infrared cheeb tsam.

Feem ntau hais lus, qhov ze-infrared spectrum yog tsim los ntawm ob npaug thiab txuas cov zaus ntawm cov lwg me me; nruab nrab-infrared spectrum belongs rau qhov yooj yim zaus kev co lub zog ntawm cov lwg me me; thiab qhov deb-infrared spectrum yog nyob ntawm qhov kev sib hloov cov xim loj ntawm cov lwg me me thiab cov kev co lub zog ntawm tej pawg. Txij li feem ntau ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic tshuaj muaj lub hauv paus ntau yam haum nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-infrared thaj av, thaj av nruab nrab-infrared yog thaj chaw kawm thiab siv ntau thaj av, thiab feem ntau yog hu ua nruab nrab-infrared spectrum.

Raws li keeb kwm ntawm lub ncov nqus, qhov nruab nrab-infrared spectrum tuaj yeem raug muab faib sib faib ua ob thaj tsam: thaj av eigenfrequency thiab thaj av ntiv tes.