Cov tshuaj tom qab kev kho mob

Cov tshuaj softener

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm textile softener yog muab thiab txhim kho tes rau textile knits thiab woven fabrics. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho txoj kev xav ntawm cov ntaub. Cov Softeners hloov cov tes ntawm daim ntaub los ntawm kev txo cov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov xov paj, fibers los yog filaments, los yog kev sib txhuam ntawm cov ntaub thiab tes ntawm cov neeg muas zaub. Tag nrho cov softeners kuj yog lubricants; Thaum lubricity ntawm cov ntaub yog zoo dua, cov khoom zoo li softer. Softener kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li tus neeg sawv cev antistatic, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov khoom siv hluavtaws, uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau hluav taws xob zoo li qub.

Nonionic surfactant xws li fatty acid esters ntawm polyoxyethylene (PEG los yog polyethylene glycol esters) yog ib pawg loj ntawm softeners. Cationic softeners yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab muab kev pom zoo dua li cov nonionics. Cationics kuj ntxiv cov khoom rau cov fiber ntau thiab ua haujlwm zoo thaum siv hauv dyebath.

Ntxiv rau cov surfactant-based softeners, silicones thiab polyethylene emulsions ua haujlwm ua softeners thiab lubricants. Cov silicone softeners yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom zoo knit. Low-molecular-weight polyethylene emulsions ua haujlwm ntau dua li cov roj nplua nyeem ntau dua li cov khoom siv tes hloov kho. Cov emulsions no muab kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab txhim kho lub zog tsim kua muag ntawm daim ntaub. Qhov zoo ntawm polyethylene emulsions yog lawv cov ntsiab lus siab melting. Lawv tsis degrade nyob rau hauv lub finishing da dej thiab yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau raws li koob lubricants rau high-ceev stitching nyob rau hauv uas lawv tshem tawm cov punch qhov Polyethylene emulsions yog dav siv rau phuam, qhov twg ib tug zoo "poob" tes yog xav, es tsis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov xws li. raws li kev hnav khaub ncaws hnav, qhov chaw mos drape zoo li tseem ceeb. Polyethylene emulsions feem ntau sib xyaw nrog nonionic. cationic lossis anionic softeners.

Cov Softeners tuaj yeem siv rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov dyebath, hauv qhov kawg yaug tom qab dyeing, thaum ua tiav hauv lub pas dej da dej, lossis tom qab ua tiav. Feem ntau, lawv tau thov nyob rau hauv lub ncoo da dej Blends ntawm ntau yam softeners yog heev ntau.

  Desizing

Feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv textile thiab fabrics yuav tsum tau Dretreatments ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem dyeing thiab ua tiav Cov kev npaj kho yog nyob ntawm seb hom fiber ntau hauv cov khoom siv thiab kev dyeing thiab tiav cov kev kho mob uas yuav tsum tau ua. Pretreatment zoo yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv qib siab hauv cov txheej txheem tom ntej.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev weaving, lub warp yarns yog raug rau rubbing thiab chafing tiv thaiv hlau los ntawm threaded los ntawm poob xov hlau, heddles thiab reed; lawv tas li rubbed ua ke thaum lub sij hawm shedding; Lawv raug kev nruj nreem ob qho tib si tas li, los ntawm kev tso tawm thiab nqa, thiab sib cuam tshuam, los ntawm kev tawm thiab tuav. Tag nrho cov no ua rau cov xwm txheej uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los xaus kev tawg, qhov tshwm sim uas yuav tsum tau txo qis.

Sizing cov ntaub ntawv yog siv rau yarns, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog warp yarns, ua ntej lawv yuav woven rau hauv daim ntaub. Cov no tsim cov txheej tiv thaiv tshaj cov xov paj thiab ua kom lawv tsis txhob chafing los yog tawg thaum lub sij hawm weaving.

Cov tshuaj siv los ua cov tshuaj sizing tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom:

(1) dej-soluble, xws li gelatin;

(2) dej-insoluble, xws li hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Feem ntau cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog cov dej-soluble los ntawm kev tsim. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg hluavtaws yog polyvinyl cawv, acrylic copolymer, thiab carboxymethyl cellulose.

Desizing yog txheej txheem ntawm tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv sizing los ntawm warp yarn hauv fabrics. Feem ntau ntawm qhov loj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej cov ntaub tuaj yeem dyed txaus siab. Residual loj tiv thaiv cov xov paj thiab fibers los ntawm wetting sai sai thiab muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam dye absorption nyob rau hauv batch los yog tas mus li dyeing.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm desizing yog los ua qhov loj me me thiab yooj yim ntxuav tawm. Kev kos duab ntawm desizing lies nyob rau hauv kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov loj me sai sai, uniformly thiab economically raws li tau raws li qhov xav tau rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej. Desizing tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau peb txoj hauv kev: enzyme desizing, alkali desizing, acid desizing

Cov ntaub uas tsuas yog dej-soluble loj tuaj yeem tsim tau siv cov dej kub tej zaum muaj cov tshuaj ntub dej thiab cov alkali me me. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab feem ntau yog desized nrog enzymes. Cov roj thiab siv quav ciab kuj tseem siv tau nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm sizing los ua kom cov softness thiab pliability ntawm cov xov paj. Txawm li cas los xij, lubricants ntxiv rau cov qauv loj los txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim cov ntaub yuav nyuaj dua kom tshem tawm ntau dua li nws tus kheej. Zoo tag nrho cov qauv tsim muaj cov roj nplua nyeem tau los ntawm cov roj ntsha ntuj thiab cov waxes. Thiab yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tag nrho cov lubricants no ua ntej cov ntaub tuaj yeem dyed. Cov kauj ruam desizing tshem tawm feem ntau loj thiab tsis muvh lubricant. Feem ntau ntawm cov roj nplua nyeem raug tshem tawm hauv cov txheej txheem scouring.

Kev nplawm

Tag nrho cov khoom grey yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav thiab npaj ua tiav qhov kev lees paub. Scouring yog txheej txheem ntxuav siv los tshem tawm cov impurities ntawm fibers, yarns lossis ntaub. Nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua ntawm daim ntaub theem. Cov txheej txheem scouring tshwj xeeb, tshuaj, ntsuas kub thiab lub sijhawm sib txawv nrog rau hom fiber ntau, xov paj thiab ntaub siv. Cov impurities xws li lubricants, av thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntuj, dej-soluble loj, antistatic agents thiab fugitive tints siv rau xov paj txheeb xyuas raug tshem tawm hauv scouring.

Scouring yog ua tiav feem ntau los ntawm kev kub alkaline daws. Qhov hnyav ntawm kev kho yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ua tiav, cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm, thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom kawg. Muaj ob hom scouring: keyring thiab nruam steaming. Cov tom kawg yog tam sim no siv ntau dua. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov scour yuav raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom seem ntawm cov quav ciab, absorbency thiab poob phaus.

Paj rwb muaj cov impurities ntuj uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm hauv scouring thiab bleaching. Cov ntaub paj rwb feem ntau yog scoured nrog dilute tov ntawm sodium hydroxide (mus rau 3 feem pua, raws li qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntaub). Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj los yog cov ntaub yuav raug puas thaum lub sij hawm scouring, nrog ib tug tshwm sim poob ntawm lub zog. Synthetic detergents los yog xab npum uas muaj alkaline builders yog siv los txhuam cov ntaub plaub. Tib neeg tsim fibers xws li nylon thiab polyester yog scoured nrog hluavtaws detergents uas muaj alkali. Acrylics yog scoured nrog nonionic detergents, thiab saib xyuas kom tsis txhob alkaline tej yam kev mob, vim cov fibers tig daj nyob rau hauv kub alkali. Acetates yog scoured nrog detergents nyob rau hauv me ntsis alkaline tej yam kev mob. Rayons kuj raug scoured nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob, tab sis cov txheej txheem yog varied nyob ntawm seb hom rayon. Ib txheej txheem scouring tshwj xeeb siv los tshem tawm cov pos hniav ntuj. Sericin, los ntawm txhob lo lo ntxhuav yog hu ua degumming. Cov txhob lo lo ntxhuav yog ntxuav hauv dej sov soapy feem ntau nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob.

Tshuaj dawb

Cellulose thiab feem ntau ntawm lwm cov fiber-forming polymers yog dawb nyob rau hauv lawv lub ntuj lub xeev, Txawm li cas los, impurities nyob rau hauv fibers yuav nqus lub teeb ua rau cov fibers muaj ib tug creamy, yellowish, los yog dull tsos. Paj rwb fibers feem ntau yuav tsum tau bleaching tshwj tsis yog tias cov khoom yuav dyed heev tsaus nti los yog dull ntxoov. Synthetic fibers feem ntau yog dawb heev raws li muab los ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau tab sis yuav tsum tau tshuaj dawb hauv qee kis.

Bleaching yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj siv los tshem tawm cov xim tsis xav tau los ntawm fibers, yarns lossis ntaub. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm bleaching hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog kom tau txais daim ntaub dawb los yog npaj cov ntaub rau kev ua tiav ntxiv xws li dyeing lossis luam ntawv. Cov khoom tiav yog bleached los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom los tswj cov xim dawb lossis ci ci ntawm cov khoom thaum siv thiab tu. Ntau yam tshuaj sib txawv yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj bleaching, tshwj xeeb yog ib qho kev xaiv nyob ntawm hom fiber ntau tam sim no hauv cov xov paj, ntaub lossis cov khoom tiav. Cov tshuaj bleaching feem ntau yog hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride thiab sodium perborate. Cov tshuaj bleachs perborate tsis yog siv hauv kev lag luam tab sis muaj rau cov neeg siv khoom siv. Lawv cov tshuaj bleaching zoo ib yam li cov hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide yog cov tshuaj pleev xim rau kev lag luam ntau tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog siv cov tshuaj oxidizing, cov tshuaj ntxuav tes yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj kom cov xim ntuj hauv cov fibers raug rhuav tshem thaum kev puas tsuaj vim oxidation ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau tsawg.

Cellulosic fibers xws li paj rwb, linen thiab high-ntub-modulus rayons yuav bleached nrog sodium hypochlorite los yog sodium chlorite nrog rau hydrogen peroxide. Kev saib xyuas ntau dua yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv cov tshuaj dawb li niaj zaus rayon thiab rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cellulose lossis ntaub plaub nrog cov txiv neej ua fibers.

Cov txiv neej ua fibers feem ntau yog dawb thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau me ntsis los yog tsis muaj tshuaj dawb ua ntej dyeing thiab tiav cov txheej txheem. Yog tias tsim nyog, nylon, acrylic thiab polyester fibers yuav bleached nrog sodium chlorite nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob. Polyester fibers kuj yuav bleached nrog hydrogen peroxide los yog sodium hypochlorite. Acetate feem ntau tsis tas yuav tshuaj dawb, tab sis yog tias tsim nyog, alkaline tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tau zam los yog fiber ntau yuav raug puas tsuaj.